Hair-skinning machine.



F. w HARDEN. HAIR SKINNING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED JUNE 9. 1913.

' 1,147,719. Patented m 1915' W I /g F. w.. HARDEN. HAIR SKINNING MACHINE. v I APPLICATION FILED JUNE 9. 1913. v I 1,147,719. Patented July 27, 1915.

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COLUMBIA PLANOCIRAPH 50-.WASHIN GTON. D. C.

F. W. HARDEN- HAIR SKINNING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED mu: 9. 1913.

1,147,? 19. Patented July 27, 1915.

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FREDERICK W. HARDEN, 0F "PIKESVILLE, 'MARYLAND.

HAIR-SKINNING MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented July 27, 1915.

Application filed June 9, 1913. Serial No. 772,499.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FREDERICK DEN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Pikesville, in the county of Baltimore and State of Maryland, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Hair-Skim ning Machines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to machines which may properly be termed hair skinning machines, and has for its object the provision of a machine for removing from hog hair and the like the thincuticle and scurfwhich adheres to the hair after the animal has been slaughtered and the hair removed in the preparation of the carcassfor market.

In removing the hair from the carcass a more or less amount of cuticle adheres to the hair which must be removed or separated from the hair to render its marketable. Heretofore it has'been the practice to expose the hair to the weather for a time, depend ing on the action of the elements to cause the cuticle to rot or decay from the hair. Another method employed being to treat the hair to an alkaline bath and then Wash the refuse-therefrom. In'either case the cuticle thus removed becomes a total'loss. been demonstrated that this product is more or less valuable as a fertilizer and constitutes about twenty per cent. of the Weight of the hair as it comes from the slaughter house. In the embodiment of this machineprovision is made for eifectually cleaning the hair and atthe same time to save this animal matter.

With the above and other objects in view, as will presently appear as the construction and operation of the invention is better 1111- derstood, the same consisting of a seriesof superposed units, each unit comprising a ro-,

tatable drum provided with teeth which coact with fixed teeth carried by concaves and a screen for separating the hair and waste material as 'will'be hereinafter fully described and claimed, it being understood that slight changes and alterations may be made within-the scope of the appended claims without departing fromor sacrificing any of the advantages of the invention.

In the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification and in which like characters of reference indicate the same parts throughout the several views,

which; I Figure 1 is a side elevation of the com.

W. I-IAR- It has plete machine; Fig. 2 is acentral transverse sectional View; Fig. 3 is a horizontal sectionalview, and Fig. 1 is a detail perspective-view of one of the teeth used in conjunction with the machine.

In carrying out the invention there is provided a frame 1, consisting of superposed side beams 2 and 3, end beams 4 and-legs 5.

Mounted in bearings 6 on the beams 2 isa shaft 7, carrying a rotatable drum 8 of any preferred structure which is providedwith peripheral spirally arrangedteeth 9, a detail description of which willnpresently appear; A casing 10 covers the upper half of the cylinder. and is providedat one endwith a feedopening 11. Beneath the drum and extending throughout the length thereof is a foraminous metal trough 12 which acts as a screen for separating the, foreign matter from the hair. An opening 13 is cut in the screen at. the end remote from the feed opening 11', and a; chute 14 is fitted to this opening and conducts the hair to the next cylinder. Located onopposite sidesof the screen 12 and co-extensive therewitlnfis a plate or concave 15-provided with teeth 16', which are arranged to l-co act with the teeth 9 on 3 the drum 8 for treating the hair. Below the drum 8 is'asecond drum 17 in all respects identicalwith the drum 8, except the spiral arrangement of the teeth 9 is reversed to those on the drum 8 that the hair will be forced toward the opposite end of the drum where it is dropped from the machine through a spout 18 formedat the .end'of a screen 19.; concaves 20 provided with teeth 21 correspondwith the c'oncaves 15. A casing-22 made-in two pieces for convenience-in the teeth are diagrammatically indicated but.

it is to be understood that allthe teeth both on the drums and concaves are to be'asshown' in detail in Fig. 1, and consist of a shank 27 and a body 28, the body being provided on itssides with slight ribs 29 inclined upwardly toward the rear of the tooth forming roughened surfaces, the front of the tooth is rounded as indicated at 30, and the tooth is tapered from front to rear as shown.

In operating the machine, hair is fed either by hand or otherwise as may be desired, through the feed opening 11 to the revolving drum 8 where it is caught by the teeth and carried down to the teeth on the concaves 15, these teeth are so arranged with relation to the teeth 9, that a rubbing action on the hair takes place, and a portion of the dried cuticle is removed and sifted through the screen 12. Due to the spiral arrangement of the teeth the hair is moved along the drum being subjected to the rubbing all along until it is dropped through the opening 13 to the next drum, where the operation is continued until the hair is discharged through the chute 18 from whence it is conveyed to any desired point, as the means for taking care of the hair after being discharged from the machine has no bearing on this invention it is not deemed necessary to show or describe the same.

It has been found by operatingthe drum 17 at a higher speed than the drum 8, the machine will better clear itself, this may be accomplished by using different size drive pulleys. It is also to be understood that any number of drums and concaves may be used to obtain the desired results.

The saving of the animal product which has heretofore gone to waste, the saving of time, labor and expense in the preparation of hair for commercial purposes, are some of the very essential characteristics of this invention, and I believe this machine as invented by me to be the first machine ever invented which removes the cuticle from the hair without the loss or destruction of the cuticle, thereby resulting in a vast saving in the operation of cleaning the hair by reason of the income derived from the sale of the animal product removed by reason of its being adapted for fertilizer purposes,

and the saving of cost, in time and labor usually required to accomplish the result accomplished by the machine.

Having fully described the invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is;

1.1n a machine of the character described, comprising a casing provided with a feed opening, a rotatable drum with a spiral of peripherally arranged teeth having roughened sides, fixed members positioned adjacent the lower sideof said drum and provided with teeth adapted to coact with the teeth on the rotatable member, a separating screen between the fixed member, and a discharge opening in the screen.

2.1n a machine of the character described, comprising a series of units, each unit comprising a casing provided with a feed opening, a rotatable drum with a spiral of peripherally arranged teeth having roughened sides, fixed members positioned adjacent the lower sides of said drums and provided with teeth to coact with the teeth on the rotatable member, a separating screen between the fixed members, and a discharge opening in the screen for delivering the hair to the next unit in the series.

3. A machine for cleaning short hair,

comprising a rotatable cylinder, an inclosing casing therefor, projecting teeth arranged in a helix around said cylinder, cooperating stationary teeth interspaced with respect to said cylinder teeth and arranged in longitudinal groups, the teeth of each of said groups being arranged in rows oblique to the axis of the cylinder to conform to the helical arrangement of said teeth, a perforated screen located between said groups of teeth, and a discharge chute adjacent said screen under one end of said cylinder.

4. A machine for cleaning short hair, comprising a rotatable cylinder, projecting teeth arranged in a helix around said cylinder, cooperating stationary teeth interspaced with respect to said cylinder teeth and arranged in longitudinal groups, and a screen located between said groups of stationary teeth.

5. A machine for cleaning short hair, comprising a casing provided with a feed opening and a discharge opening at one end, a rotatable drum mounted in said casing, cooperating projecting means on said drum and easing between which the hair is rubbed when the drum is rotated, said cooperating means adapted to feed the hair longitudinally of the casing to the discharge opening, and a screen between the rubbing means on the casing for discharging the refuse rubbed from the hair.

6. A machine for cleaning hair, embodying superposed units, each unit comprising a casing provided with a feed and a discharge opening, the discharge opening of the upper casing being the feed opening of the lower casing, a rotatable drum in each casing having a spiral of peripheral teeth arranged thereon, said teeth having roughened sides, fixed teeth positioned adjacent the lower sides of said drums to cooperate with the teeth on the drums, the spirals of teeth of the drums being arranged to feed the hair in opposite directions in each respective casing, and a screen between the fixed teeth for discharging the refuse rubbed from the hair.

7. A machine for cleaning short hair, comprising a movable and a fixed member, said members being arranged to come in suflicient close relation to each other to break and remove dried cuticle from single strands of hair which occupy the space between said members when they are brought into close relation.

8. A machine for cleaning short hair, comprising a movable and a fixed member, said members being arranged to pass in close relation to each other and provided with cooperating roughened surfaces between which the separate strands of hair are rubbed in intimate contact with both of said roughened surfaces to break and remove the dried cuticle therefrom.

9. A machine for cleaning short hair, comprising acasing and a movable and a fixed member therein, said members being arranged to pass in close relation to each other and provided with cooperating roughremove the dried cuticle therefrom, said members also being arranged to bodily move the hair longitudinally of the casing.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

FREDERICK 'w. HARDEN.

Witnesses:

HOWARD D. ADAMs, E. WALTON BREwING'roN.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. C. i 

